The Economic and Social Council is at the heart of the United Nations system to advance the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. It is the central platform for fostering debate and innovative thinking, forging consensus on ways forward, and coordinating efforts to achieve internationally agreed goals. It is also responsible for the follow-up to major UN conferences and summits.
TOPIC 1: The impact of debt trapping on global development
Debt trapping has become an increasingly significant issue in international development, where developing countries accumulate unsustainable levels of external debt, often tied to large-scale infrastructure projects or unfavorable loan conditions. This can limit national sovereignty, restrict public spending on essential services, and deepen economic dependence on creditor nations or institutions. While foreign investment and loans can drive development, poorly managed debt risks long-term economic instability. Delegates must examine responsible lending and borrowing practices, transparency in financial agreements, and the role of international financial institutions in preventing debt crises, while ensuring that development financing remains accessible to those in need.
TOPIC 2: Tackling increasing economic disparity
Rising economic inequality, both within and between countries, poses a major challenge to sustainable development and social stability. Factors such as unequal access to education, technological gaps, globalization, and uneven economic growth contribute to widening wealth disparities. This issue affects not only developing nations but also advanced economies, where income inequality can lead to political polarization and reduced social mobility. Delegates are expected to propose policies that promote inclusive growth, such as fair taxation systems, investment in education and healthcare, and international cooperation to reduce global inequality, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Country matrix:
Beginner: South Africa, Mexico, Nigeria, Indonesia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Australia, Argentina, TurkeyIntermediate: Germany, India, Brazil, Rwanda, Burkina Faso, Mali, Vietnam
Advanced: USA, France, China, UK, Russia